Fu L, Wang B, Yuan T, Chen X, Ao Y, Fitzpatrick T, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;80(6):656–65.
Ferreira-Santos D, Maranhao P, Monteiro-Soares M. Covidcids Identifying common baseline clinical features of COVID-19: a scoping review. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e041079.
Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu DK, et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill. 2020. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045.
de Lusignan S, Dorward J, Correa A, Jones N, Akinyemi O, Amirthalingam G, et al. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:1034.
Bhargava A, Fukushima EA, Levine M, Zhao W, Tanveer F, Szpunar SM, et al. Predictors for severe COVID-19 infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:1962.
Chang MC, Park YK, Kim BO, Park D. Risk factors for disease progression in COVID-19 patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):445.
Chen R, Liang W, Jiang M, Guan W, Zhan C, Wang T, et al. Risk factors of fatal outcome in hospitalized subjects with coronavirus disease 2019 from a nationwide analysis in China. Chest. 2020;158:97.
Flook M, Jackson C, Vasileiou E, Simpson CR, Muckian MD, Agrawal U, et al. Informing the public health response to COVID-19: a systematic review of risk factors for disease, severity, and mortality. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):342.
Galloway JB, Norton S, Barker RD, Brookes A, Carey I, Clarke BD, et al. A clinical risk score to identify patients with COVID-19 at high risk of critical care admission or death: an observational cohort study. J Infect. 2020;81(2):282–8.
Gao J, Huang X, Gu H, Lou L, Xu Z. Predictive criteria of severe cases in COVID-19 patients of early stage: a retrospective observational study. J Clin Lab Anal. 2020; e23562.
Jain V, Yuan JM. Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Public Health. 2020;65(5):533–46.
Li Q, Zhang J, Ling Y, Li W, Zhang X, Lu H, et al. A simple algorithm helps early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients with severe progression tendency. Infection. 2020;48:577.
Liang M, He M, Tang J, He X, Liu Z, Feng S, et al. Novel risk scoring system for predicting acute respiratory distress syndrome among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):960.
Liang W, Liang H, Ou L, Chen B, Chen A, Li C, et al. Development and validation of a clinical risk score to predict the occurrence of critical illness in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180:1081.
Liu W, Tao ZW, Wang L, Yuan ML, Liu K, Zhou L, et al. Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2020;133(9):1032–8.
Passamonti F, Cattaneo C, Arcaini L, Bruna R, Cavo M, Merli F, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2020;7:e737.
Schalekamp S, Huisman M, van Dijk RA, Boomsma MF, Freire Jorge PJ, de Boer WS, et al. Model-based prediction of critical illness in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Radiology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020202723.
Shang W, Dong J, Ren Y, Tian M, Li W, Hu J, et al. The value of clinical parameters in predicting the severity of COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;92:2188.
Tong X, Xu X, Lv G, Wang H, Cheng A, Wang D, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of influenza virus infection among adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):341.
Wang Z, Wang Z. Identification of risk factors for in-hospital death of COVID - 19 pneumonia—lessions from the early outbreak. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):113.
Wei YY, Wang RR, Zhang DW, Tu YH, Chen CS, Ji S, et al. Risk factors for severe COVID-19: evidence from 167 hospitalized patients in Anhui, China. J Infect. 2020;81:e89.
Yi P, Yang X, Ding C, Chen Y, Xu K, Ni Q, et al. Risk factors and clinical features of deterioration in COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang, China: a single-centre, retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):943.
Zeng Z, Wu C, Lin Z, Ye Y, Feng S, Fang Y, et al. Development and validation of a simple-to-use nomogram to predict the deterioration and survival of patients with COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):356.
Zhang J, Yu M, Tong S, Liu LY, Tang LV. Predictive factors for disease progression in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. J Clin Virol. 2020;127:104392.
van Halem K, Bruyndonckx R, van der Hilst J, Cox J, Driesen P, Opsomer M, et al. Risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at the start of the pandemic in Belgium: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):897.
Huang D, Wang T, Chen Z, Yang H, Yao R, Liang Z. A novel risk score to predict diagnosis with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected patients: a retrospective, multi-center, observational study. J Med Virol. 2020;92:2709.
Mao B, Liu Y, Chai YH, Jin XY, Lu HW, Yang JW, et al. Assessing risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients presenting with symptoms in Shanghai, China: a multicentre, observational cohort study. Lancet Digit Health. 2020;2(6):e323–30.
Yu T, Cai S, Zheng Z, Cai X, Liu Y, Yin S, et al. Association between clinical manifestations and prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Clin Ther. 2020;42:964.
Abate BB, Kassie AM, Kassaw MW, Aragie TG, Masresha SA. Sex difference in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e040129.
Apra C, Caucheteux C, Mensch A, Mansour J, Bernaux M, Dechartes A, et al. Predictive usefulness of PCR testing in different patterns of Covid-19 symptomatology—analysis of a French cohort of 12,810 outpatients. medRxiv. 2020.
Menni C, Valdes AM, Freidin MB, Sudre CH, Nguyen LH, Drew DA, et al. Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26(7):1037–40.
Alcoba-Florez J, Gil-Campesino H, de Artola GD, Gonzalez-Montelongo R, Valenzuela-Fernandez A, Ciuffreda L, et al. Sensitivity of different RT-qPCR solutions for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;99:190–2.
Fumagalli C, Rozzini R, Vannini M, Coccia F, Cesaroni G, Mazzeo F, et al. Clinical risk score to predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(9):e040729.
Luo H, Liu S, Wang Y, Phillips-Howard PA, Ju S, Yang Y, et al. Age differences in clinical features and outcomes in patients with COVID-19, Jiangsu, China: a retrospective, multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039887.
Wang TY, Liu HL, Lin CY, Kuo FL, Yang PH, Yeh IJ. Emerging success against the COVID-19 pandemic: hospital surge capacity in Taiwan. Ann Emerg Med. 2020;76(3):374–6.
Zavascki AP, Gazzana MB, Bidart JP, P.S. F, A. G, Kawski CT, et al. Development of a predictive score for COVID-19 diagnosis based on demographics and symptoms in patients attended at a dedicated screening unit. medRxiv. 2020.
Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:91–5.
Romero-Gameros CA, Colin-Martinez T, Waizel-Haiat S, Vargas-Ortega G, Ferat-Osorio E, Guerrero-Paz JA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of symptoms as a diagnostic tool for SARS-CoV 2 infection: a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 2,173 patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):255.
Bertran Recasens B, Martinez-Llorens JM, Rodriguez-Sevilla JJ, Rubio MA. Lack of dyspnea in patients with Covid-19: another neurological conundrum? Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(9):e40.
Nouri-Vaskeh M, Sharifi A, Khalili N, Zand R, Sharifi A. Dyspneic and non-dyspneic (silent) hypoxemia in COVID-19: possible neurological mechanism. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;198:106217.
Spechbach H, Jacquerioz F, Prendki V, Kaiser L, Smit M, Calmy A, et al. Network analysis of outpatients to identify predictive symptoms and combinations of symptoms associated with positive/negative SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swabs. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:685124.
Tajlil A, Ghaffari S, Pourafkari L, Mashayekhi S, Roshanravan N. Nicotine and smoking in the COVID-19 era. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2020;12(2):136–9.
Grant MC, Geoghegan L, Arbyn M, Mohammed Z, McGuinness L, Clarke EL, et al. The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(6):e0234765.
Menni C, Sudre CH, Steves CJ, Ourselin S, Spector TD. Quantifying additional COVID-19 symptoms will save lives. Lancet. 2020;395(10241):e107–8.