In short:
The Mildura region in Victoria is the first in the nation to lose access to one of the nation's five major free-to-air television channels after the Channel 10 signal was shut down.
Mildura Digital Television, which is owned by the Seven Network and WIN, cut the signal on July 1 because "it did not make commercial sense" to keep it going.
What's next?
Free TV Australia fears that without urgent action by government, more licence areas are likely to follow.
Jemma Gibson concedes that her grandmother Jean Dooley, who is in her mid-80s and lives with dementia, is far from being digitally savvy.
But her grandmother has been taught by family members how to surf through channels on her digital television.
"Basic, basic, basic is what she needs," Ms Gibson said.
"She has a routine every morning [to] mark in her TV guide what she wants to watch."
But this week, her grandmother noticed that Channel 10 and affiliate channels such as Bold and Peach were not working.
Fearing her TV had broken down, Ms Dooley called her granddaughter, who explained that Channel 10 programs were no longer available on free-to-air TV in the Mildura region where they both live.
Mildura Digital Television (MDV), which is owned by the Seven Network and WIN, ceased operating the Channel 10 signal on July 1 because it did "not make commercial sense", according to a statement from WIN.
"Over its entire history it has been unprofitable," the statement read.
"Audiences who want to watch TEN content can download the 10 Play app."
Ms Gibson said this did not seem fair for elderly audiences who were not accustomed to new technology and who, in her grandmother's case, did not even have the internet.
"It's meant to be a free-to-air channel," she said.
Cost-shifting to consumers
According to the federal government's latest media and television survey, free-to-air commercial TV consumption continues to decline, with just over half of Australians surveyed saying they watched television in the past week.
Conversely, the number of survey respondents watching content from paid online subscriptions over the same period was 65 per cent.
Victoria University senior lecturer in screen media Marc C-Scott said a strong, stable internet connection was needed to stream content online.
He said cost-of-living pressure could result in people reviewing their internet and subscription plans.
"We're having financial issues at the moment in terms of affordability," Dr C-Scott said.
"There may be some families looking at basically getting rid of some of their streaming services, but also looking at the plans that they are on for mobile phones or for internet."
Dr C-Scott said not having free-to-air services in regional areas was bad for local audiences, who at times also dealt with patchy internet connection.
"There's been plenty of people complaining about the Kayo stream, and the Stan streams and Optus streams," he said.
"It's not fit for purpose at the moment."
Fears more signal shutdowns could follow
Free TV Australia chief executive Bridget Fair said regional television was at a critical point.
"Long-term structural measures are now urgently needed to ensure the future viability of regional commercial television services in Australia," she said.
"Without urgent substantive action by government, more licence areas are likely to follow."
Mallee MP Anne Webster told the federal parliament this week that Mildura and the Sunraysia region were "ground zero" for vanishing regional free-to-air television, and many people in her electorate were disappointed with the decision.
"One constituent who rang my office was quite emotional," she said.
"Sunraysia residents are now the first in the country to cease having access to one of the nation's five major television channels."
Senate inquiry to examine broadcasting services
Late last week, the Broadcasting Services Act was amended through the Regional Broadcasting Continuity Bill (RCB) to allow TV viewers in Mildura to access the government-funded viewer access satellite television (VAST) service.
But households are required to buy a satellite dish and get it professionally installed.
Dr C-Scott said putting satellites on top of people's homes was a reactive approach and there was a bigger problem at hand.
"How can the government make sure that those regional areas are getting the same content and the same viewing experience as Australians in the metro areas?" he said.
Dr Webster said that despite the public interest benefits that Australian commercial broadcasters delivered, they paid high taxes through the commercial broadcasting tax.
"This tax is a significant impost on regional broadcasters' ability to fund content and infrastructure costs," she said in parliament earlier this week.
A senate inquiry will now look into the RCB, with Shadow Communications Minister David Coleman calling for a more affordable solution.
"The government's solution was to pass a special law to allow locals to spend around $800 to connect to a satellite service so they could keep watching one network's programs," he said.
"This is not a great solution for the people of Mildura."
Federal Communications Minister Michelle Rowlands has been contacted for comment.
Free-to-air television needs 'major shake-up'
When Mildura resident Ben Dal Farra was young, he loved television programming so much that he would write pretend guides and schedules.
He said that interest had never felt so niche.
"I know the programming that we have today and how different it really is compared to back in the day," he said.
"Digital free-to-air television nowadays is kind of dry because everyone else is way too connected to their streaming sites."
Mr Dal Farra said he streamed television content and so the decision to shut down MDV would not impact him.
"Nowadays I don't really watch it [free-to-air] that much because of Netflix, YouTube, Disney+ — [what] we're all accustomed to," he said.
From his point of view, there needs to be some sort of change.
"Free-to-air television is sort of dying," Mr Dal Farra said.
"Free-to-air television everywhere, as well as in Australia, really needs another major shake-up."
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