Ways for theatres to attract new people must be explored, however, with Murray-Smith suggesting the industry has probably never faced greater challenges. Given that her own plays are produced worldwide, she’s well-placed to comment.
“Around the Western world, theatre companies have not yet recovered from the pandemic,” she says. “It broke the ritual of going to the theatre for people, and then they had to stop and think about whether they wanted to recommit.”
The upshot was companies losing subscribers, who opted for individual productions over being locked into multiple shows. “Theatre companies are really struggling,” Murray-Smith says. “They’re also all trying to address the fact that the audience is middle-aged or older – often quite considerably older.
“So they’re all battling to try and get younger generations engaged in the art form. I think that they see contemporary settings and contemporary language is a way of doing that.”
She starts her adaptation process by reading multiple translations and reaching her own conclusions about the playwright’s aims. “Sometimes if I felt that, for instance, a line was intended to have a comic quality to it,” she says, “but the comedy didn’t feel as if it were going to reach a contemporary audience, then I would rewrite the comedic lines in a way that I felt would make the audience laugh.
“Culturally, things do change. In many quite literal interpretations of Chekhov, the comedy is missing because it just doesn’t translate to now. So then I think the contemporary writer can in a way be truer to Chekhov than a more literal, traditional text would be.”
Kilmurry believes that Murray-Smith’s skill in this regard means that the reaction to a comedic line should mimic that of Chekhov’s Russian contemporaries. “Joanna has such a great sense of humour,” he says, “that she can reinterpret that material and make it relevant but still stay true to the original.”
He also suggests that much Chekhovian comedy, which might be lost on some audiences, relates to characters routinely complaining about their lot. “As we know, Russian – and also I’d say British – people love being miserable,” he says. “They love moaning, and no one pays any attention to them, which is where the humour comes from.”
Chekhov satirised Russian society, although without cruelty towards individual characters. “He had this sort of Bohemian aura,” Kilmurry says, “but also this love of humanity. That comes across in his plays because his characters can be hilarious, and they’re depressed, and they’ve got all these characteristics, but he has a fondness for all of them.”
Richard Roxburgh and Cate Blanchett in Sydney Theatre Company’s Uncle Vanya, adapted by Andrew Upton, in 2010.Credit: Lisa Tomasetti
“That’s what makes him such a genius writer,” Murray-Smith adds. “Part of the job is always to help us understand why people are the way they are, and why they act the way they do, and no one was better at it than Chekhov.
“Many people have said that nothing happens in a Chekhov play, but if I see a really good production of a Chekhov, then I have this feeling of momentousness at the end of it like you’ve gone up a notch in your understanding of humanity, and that’s almost the most powerful thing that drama can do.”
Murray-Smith has relocated the play in neither time nor place, although she has simplified the names. “I make as few changes as I can,” she says, hoping that “a gentle hand and an enduring love affair with the original and with the writer, as I have with Chekhov” may help beckon “resistant audiences” into the plays.
“So I’ve been happy to be asked,” she continues, “and in adapting him for the modern audience, the best thing I can do is try and make it what Chekhov intended.”
She delights in the process, partly because her own writing shares Chekhovian preoccupations such as societal change, family dynamics, intricate emotional relationships and the effect of privilege. “Of course, locations and time periods change,” she says, “but what it is to be human has not changed … So in that sense, it’s not very difficult at all to get inside the world of the play. It’s all familiar territory. It’s just that he does it better than I could.”
Uncle Vanya runs at the Ensemble Theatre from July 26-August 31.