Syria ran one of the most oppressive police states in the Middle East during five decades of Assad family rule. Jolani, whose former al-Qaeda affiliate, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), is now the country’s most powerful force, must balance demands for justice from victims with the need to prevent violent reprisals and secure international aid.
Mohammed al-Bashir, the man installed by Jolani’s fighters as prime minister of an interim administration, said he aimed to bring back millions of refugees, create unity and provide basic services. But rebuilding would be daunting with little funding on hand.
Rebuilding Syria is a colossal task after a civil war that killed hundreds of thousands of people, reduced cities to ruins.Credit: Getty Images
“In the coffers there are only Syrian pounds worth little or nothing. One US dollar buys 35,000 of our coins,” Bashir told Italian newspaper Il Corriere della Sera.
“We have no foreign currency and as for loans and bonds, we are still collecting data. So yes, financially we are very bad,” said Bashir, who previously ran a small rebel-led administration in a pocket of north-western Syria.
A Syrian holds his cat as he waits with others to cross into Syria from Turkey at the Cilvegozu border gate, near the town of Antakya, southern Turkey, on Tuesday.Credit: AP
Loading
For refugees, the prospect of returning home has brought a mixture of joy and grief over hardship in exile. Syrians lined up at the Turkish border to head home, speaking of their expectations for a better life following what was for many a decade of hardship in Turkey.
“We have no one here. We are going back to Latakia, where we have family,” said Mustafa as he prepared to enter Syria with his wife and three sons at the Cilvegozu border gate in southern Turkey. Dozens more Syrians were waiting to cross.
Rebuilding Syria is a colossal task following a civil war that killed hundreds of thousands of people, reduced cities to ruins, depopulated the countryside and left the economy gutted by international sanctions. Millions of refugees still live in camps after one of the biggest displacements of modern times.
An opposition fighter in military uniform stands next to a broken bust of the late Syrian president Hafez al-Assad, with a pair of shoes placed on top, at a checkpoint in Damascus on Wednesday.Credit: AP
Since Assad’s fall, Hayat al-Turki has been searching the abandoned cells of Syria’s most notorious prison, the vast Sednaya complex, for any sign of her missing relatives, including her brother who vanished 14 years ago.
“Are these for my brother, for example? Do I smell him in them? Or these? Or is this his blanket?” she said, combing through belongings left behind in a cell.
“I was hopeful and optimistic to find someone from my missing prisoners – a brother, an uncle or a cousin – but I did not find. I did not find. I searched the whole prison,” she said. “I go into a cell, not even for five minutes, and I suffocate.”
Abou Ahmad holds a picture of his son, who went missing while imprisoned by the late Syrian government, as he searches for his body at the al-Mojtahed hospital morgue in Damascus on Wednesday. Credit: AP
Foreign officials are warily engaging with the former rebels, although HTS remains designated a terrorist organisation by Washington, the United Nations, the European Union, Australia and others.
The new government must “uphold clear commitments to fully respect the rights of minorities, facilitate the flow of humanitarian assistance to all in need, prevent Syria from being used as a base for terrorism or posing a threat to its neighbours”, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said.
Loading
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said: “It’s our duty to do everything to support different Syrian leaders in order to make sure that they come together, they are able to guarantee a smooth transition.”
In addition to terrorism bans in place against the former rebels, Syria also remains under US, EU and other financial sanctions imposed against Damascus under Assad.
Two senior US congressmen, a Republican and a Democrat, wrote a letter calling for Washington to suspend some sanctions. The most punishing wartime sanctions are up for renewal this month, and the former rebels have told Reuters they were in touch with Washington about potentially easing them.
Reuters
Get a note directly from our foreign correspondents on what’s making headlines around the world. Sign up for our weekly What in the World newsletter.