'Parasitic twin'

The condition can occur when an embryo develops into conjoined twins, but then one twin stops growing but continues to develop extra limbs or organs, which remain attached to the other twin. This was the case for the boy in Bangalore, according to Rao, and it's referred to as "parasitic twins," according to a press release from the hospital.

The presence of an extra twin made the surgery, which took place last week, all the more complex, Rao told CNN.

The procedure required a team of 20 doctors, nurses and technicians.

"Because the anatomy is not typical, a lot of work had to be done before the operation to clearly define the anatomy, what structures are shared between the parasitic twin and the main baby, the blood vessels need to be identified to control blood loss so there was a lot of pre-operative work to build a road map that would help us during the operation," he said.

The exact number of cases of polymelia to date, or the likelihood of them occurring, is unknown but Rao said it's uncommon.

Tatma's story garnered widespread attention. Thousands of religious devotees flocked to see her because they believed she was a reincarnation of Laxmi, the four-armed Hindu goddess of wealth.

The journey

The boy was born on January 21 in a government-run rural health center in Puladinni village, located in the southern Indian state of Karnataka.

Though the birth went smoothly, doctors realized the extra limbs meant the boy would immediately need specialized medical care.

He was transported to a local hospital before traveling over 200 miles with his parents to Narayana Health City the day after he was born.

The arduous journey took a severe toll on the infant; when he was admitted on January 24 -- at 3 days old -- he was dehydrated and required oxygen support.

Superstitions

Superstitions and stigma are often synonymous with cases like these in India, especially if the children represent Hindu deities -- like the case of the girl in Bihar.

But the boy's parents, Lalitamma and Chennabasava, were quick to recognize that this was a medical condition that required immediate attention.

"Times are changing. Young parents are now more aware about superstitions," said Rao.

The baby is expected to be discharged within the next week.

His follow up care, like the corrective surgery, will be provided for free by Narayana Health City, something his father who works as a farmer is grateful for.

There may be cosmetic issues going forward that could require minor procedures, but he'll have a normal childhood, Rao says.