In a post from July this year, Mr Iles said he wanted to “acknowledge Almighty God” as his organisation had “exceeded all our financial targets for the year”.

Left-leaning think tank the Australia Institute, which had 27 staff, confirmed it received JobKeeper even though its revenue barely changed in 2019-20. Its accounts said it had received $248,000 in “Australian government stimulus” but would not say how much of that was JobKeeper.

An Institute spokeswoman said JobKeeper “was used to guarantee all staff their jobs at the height of the pandemic as revenue dropped”.

The Australian Council of Social Service, a charity that advocates for people affected by poverty, disadvantage and inequality, received $99,000 in JobKeeper for its 21 staff in 2019-20 even though its revenue increased by 6 per cent (once government payments are excluded).

“We had to cancel key revenue-raising events,” a spokeswoman said. “We have also lost revenue partnerships, resulting in significant financial impact. JobKeeper has been important to manage this impact.” ACOSS also received an undisclosed amount of JobKeeper in the following financial year.

Other groups to receive payments include not-for-profit business lobbyist the Australian Industry Group, whose revenue slipped 6 per cent, less than the 30 per cent threshold. It received $1.9 million in 2019-20 for its 198 employees at the time.

“Despite being eligible for JobKeeper in the initial six-month period of the scheme and undertaking substantial cost reductions, Ai Group was in a loss position for the 2019-20 year and well into the 2020-21 year,” chief executive Innes Willox said.

“Over this period, JobKeeper did its job and allowed us to retain almost all our employees. It also allowed us to continue to provide services to our members.”

The Victorian Chamber of Commerce and Industry received $1.7 million in JobKeeper as revenue at the not-for-profit dipped 8 per cent, also less than the 30 per cent threshold. Chief executive Paul Guerra defended receiving the payments as “our revenue experienced a downturn”.

“VCCI qualified and participated in the first iteration only of the JobKeeper scheme,” he said. The Victorian employer group had 180 staff.

Recent analysis by the Parliamentary Budget Office, released to Labor assistant treasury spokesman Andrew Leigh indicated at least $13 billion was paid in JobKeeper to Australian businesses whose revenue actually rose. Independent senator Rex Patrick wants the government to publish a list of which companies received JobKeeper.

Treasurer Josh Frydenberg said this week that the program was needed with Australia “staring into the economic abyss” at the start of the pandemic.

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“This was economic armageddon. If businesses had to show an actual turnover decline we wouldn’t have got the money out the door,” he said. “In many circumstances business that received JobKeeper desperately needed it.”

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