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Posted: 2023-02-07 20:06:06

Australia is about to embark on the toughest test in five-day cricket, but there is a blueprint to follow for success — even if you have to go back almost 20 years to find it.

Pat Cummins's side will look to emulate the squad of 2004, which triumphed 2-1 on Indian soil — one of just two visiting teams to win a Test series in India in the past two decades. 

"It was a momentous occasion," Australia's then-coach John Buchanan told ABC Sport last month.

Here's how Buchanan and Australia achieved something so few teams in the modern era have been able to.

Tip one: Experience

Glenn McGrath wraps a towel around his neck
The heat in India can be overbearing.(Getty Images: Hamish Blair)

Playing in India is just different. 

It's louder, hotter, dustier and less hospitable than just about any other Test-playing nation, meaning past experience of what you might face is vital to a successful tour.

"India is an incredible place, and an incredible place to play cricket," Buchanan said.

"Until you've actually experienced India, and then experienced India playing cricket, you're not really too sure what to expect, because it can be quite overwhelming."

Buchanan had taken Steve Waugh's team there in 2001, where they had just missed out on recording a famous victory.

He said that experience, plus the visit to Sri Lanka earlier in the year, was vital to developing the plans that led to Australia's triumph in 2004.

Fans cheer while looking out at the cricket pitch as seen from behind
India is a difficult place to play cricket.(Getty Images: Hamish Blair)

"That was, from my point of view — and for a whole range of players who hadn't really experienced India too much — that was a real learning experience for me and I think it stood me and others in good stead for 2004," he said.

Experience among the squad as a whole may be somewhat lacking when it comes to playing red-ball cricket in India. 

Of Australia's 18 tourists, eight have played Test cricket in India for a grand total of 39 Tests — but a whole lot more have played in Indian conditions, be it through the IPL or in other, shorter format matches.

Tip two: Play to your strengths = pick pace

Jason Gillsepie screams next to an Indian batter
Jason Gillespie was the pick of Australia's bowlers on tour, taking 20 wickets at 16.15.(Getty Images: Hamish Blair)

Australia's victory in India in 2004 went something against the grain, with pace bowlers taking more wickets than the spinners.

"We certainly believed that pace bowling was going to be one of our strengths," Buchanan said.

"If we could utilise that correctly, then it would allow someone like Shane Warne to be far more effective over there."

Warne, for all his ability, was not as effective in India as he was elsewhere. 

Shane Warne clenches his fist and opens his mouth looking at a batter
Despite taking 34 wickets in nine Tests, Shane Warne was at his least effective in India.(Getty Images: Hamish Blair)

Against a career average of 25.41, in India that average blew out to 43.11 with a strike rate of 81 — his worst record in any country.

"He hadn't been as effective in India, I mean, [he was] still a reasonable bowler of course, but hadn't really been able to be as effective as he would have liked, so the way that we could bring him into the game was to make sure that our fast bowlers were doing a job."

The pace attack certainly backed up their coach's wishes.

Of the 68 wickets Australia took in that series, 43 came from the seamers, with Jason Gillespie (20) and Glenn McGrath (14) — assisted by Michael Kasprowicz (9) — taking wickets throughout the tour.

That's a shade over 63 per cent — far in excess of what is normal in Indian Test series.

For example, when England won in 2012, England's spinners, led by Graeme Swann and Monty Panesar, spinners took 71 per cent of the wickets.

In both series, Indian spinners took about 80 per cent of the wickets to fall. 

To do that, Australia needed a plan.

Tip three: Set your field well

Australia's great success in India came by frustrating India's batters and stymieing their attempts to score boundaries.

"The idea was, with a new ball, we'd bowl in a normal channel, we'd look for edges where we could," Buchanan said.

"But you don't have a new ball for too long in India, so the idea then was to straighten the line-up of our bowlers.

"So rather than being in a normal channel outside off stump, we'd prefer to be operating around off stump to middle stump.

"We know that Indians are very good off their pads, very wristy in being able to work the ball on the on side.

Matthew Hayden reaches down to try and catch a ball as Adam Gilchirst looks on
Fielding well is crucial in India.(Getty Images: Hamish Blair)

"So our support strategy is obviously the fielding … to potentially have two catchers in that short midwicket area and then at least two players out on the boundary.

"That meant not only could we bowl straight and on a length, then, if they wanted to take their chances and go through our infield, they could, but we would have support out in the deep.

"It also enabled us to bowl short when we wanted to because then they would be taking a risk against our deep field.

"We'd start off with pretty traditional [field], then we moved to the two in two out and then, if somebody was still getting away — and we were very keen to cut the boundaries — we'd take one of those infield catchers away and place them in a deep position.

"That really worked, overall, very effectively."

Tip four: Have a plan and stick to it

Adam Glichrist screams and punches the air
Adam Gilchrist stood in as captain for the first three Tests of the series.(Getty Images: Hamish Blair)

That rigid plan was key to Australia's success — and having the gumption to stick to it was crucial, which is where stand-in captain Adam Gilchrist came to the fore in the absence of Ricky Ponting, who only returned for the fourth Test.

"Whatever your plan is, you have to be disciplined with it," Buchanan said.

"One of the keys to that win was Adam Gilchrist's captaincy. 

"Adam was just pretty ruthless, very disciplined in us delivering on that strategy.

"Even if it wasn't working for an over or two or a session or two, nonetheless, we stuck with the plan."

It's all well and good to have a plan with the ball, but unless there are runs on the board, that effort could be for naught.

Fortunately, Australia had a batting unit in perfect form to take control in Indian conditions.

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