WWF Australia head of oceans Richard Leck said UNESCO had correctly recognised the government commitments to better protect the reef and said it was crucial they continued to upgrade emissions reductions to meet the goal of the Paris Agreement on climate change.

“To give the Reef a fighting chance, it’s vital the Queensland and Australian governments implement ambitious emissions reduction measures consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 degrees,” Leck said.

Australian Marine Conservation Society reef campaign manager Lissa Schindler said governments must impose tougher controls to reduce tree clearing in Queensland.

“Clearing increases sediment runoff into reef waters, smothering the coral and the seagrasses that marine life such as threatened dugongs depend upon,” Schindler said.

There have been five mass-bleaching events on the reef: 2002, 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2022. Scientists say global warming is the major factor driving more frequent bleaching and Australia’s climate has already warmed by an average of 1.47 degrees.

A report by the Australian Academy of Sciences said if the world warmed by 2 degrees, only 1 per cent of corals would survive.

UNESCO recommended in 2021 that the reef’s status be rated as in danger of losing its World Heritage listing, which experts said was driven in part by the Morrison government’s climate policy to cut emissions 26 per cent by 2030.

This target is consistent with global action that would lead to around 4 degrees of global warming, far higher than the goal of the Paris Agreement to limit warming to under 2 degrees and as close to 1.5 as possible.

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But the Albanese government upped Australia’s climate action, setting a goal to cut emissions 43 per cent by 2030 and to reach net-zero by 2050, a goal that is consistent with 2 degrees of warming and still falls short of the Paris Agreement.

After UNESCO recommended the reef’s status be downgraded, the committee of 21 countries that determine World Heritage matters voted to defer a decision called for a monitoring mission in the meantime.

UNESCO sent in May 2022 scientists to assess the health of the reef, which coincided with a coral bleaching event that are becoming more frequent as climate change heats the globe. They found that the reef met the criteria for the list of World Heritage sites in danger of losing their status due to degraded environmental values.

The two most recent bleaching event occurred, for the first time, during La Nina weather cycles which typically bring cooler conditions. Now with a hot summer forecast scientists are warning of the likelihood of yet more bleaching again this year.

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