Members of the Afzaal family were seen crying and nodding as Pomerance delivered her findings. Some later hugged each other after the judge left the courtroom.

“There is white supremacy in Canada. It is a threat. It is terrorism,” said Ali Islam, an Afzaal family member.

Veltman was convicted of killing 46-year-old Salman Afzaal; his 44-year-old wife, Madiha Salman; their 15-year-old daughter, Yumna; and her 74-year-old grandmother, Talat Afzaal. The couple’s nine-year-old son was seriously hurt but survived.

“The terrorism designation acknowledges the hate that fuelled this,” Tabinda Bukhari, Madiha’s mother, said in statement in front of the courthouse. “But this hate didn’t exist in a vacuum. It thrived in the whispers, the prejudices, the normalised fear of the other. All of these played their part in the tragedy that unfolded.”

Bukhari said hate needed to be confronted and bridges of solidarity needed to be built with other communities and faiths.

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Prosecutors had argued Veltman was a white supremacist with a plan to commit violence, while the defence argued his actions shouldn’t be considered terrorism because he kept his beliefs to himself.

Pomerance said Veltman was “a voracious consumer of extremist right-wing internet content” who became inspired by other mass killers.

She described him as believing “in the superiority of the white race, and the related aspiration for an all white society”.

“In his statement to police, the offender made it clear that he wanted the world to know what he had done and why he had done it. This was part of a plan,” the judge said.

“He wanted it to intimidate the Muslim community. He wanted to follow in the footsteps of other mass killers, and he wanted to inspire others to commit murderous acts.”

During the trial, Veltman testified he had been considering using his truck to carry out an attack and felt an “urge” to hit the Afzaal family after seeing them walking on a sidewalk. He said he knew they were Muslims from the clothes they were wearing and he noticed the man in the group had a beard.

The jury also watched video of Veltman telling a detective his attack had been motivated by white nationalist beliefs, and heard he wrote a manifesto where he described himself as a white supremacist in the weeks before the attack.

At a sentencing hearing last month, Veltman apologised for the pain he had caused but that apology was promptly rejected by the victims’ family outside of court as “strategic words coming from a killer after he is convicted”.

Christopher Hicks, Veltman’s lawyer, said they hadn’t decided whether to appeal.

AP