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How cold was winter 2023?
Victoria
- Coolest average temperature: 0.8 degrees at Falls Creek
- Warmest average temperature: 12.1 degrees at both Melbourne Olympic Park and Cape Nelson Lighthouse
- Melbourne Olympic Park average maximum temperature: 15.5 degrees
- Melbourne Olympic Park average minimum temperature: 8.7 degrees
NSW
- Coolest average temperature: -0.2 degrees at Thredbo
- Warmest average temperature: 17 degrees at Byron Bay
- Sydney Observatory Hill average maximum temperature: 19.5 degrees
- Sydney Observatory Hill average minimum temperature: 9.9 degrees
Reverse-cycle air-conditioning
In the book My Efficient Electric Home Handbook, Tim Forcey writes: “A reverse-cycle air-conditioner can heat a home at around one-third the cost of burning gas and as little as one-fifth of the cost of using an electric resistive heater, such as an oil column heater, fan heater or electric panel heater.”
Forcey explains that a reverse-cycle split-system air-conditioner is actually a heat pump: it collects free heat from outside the home, and because it’s moving heat around rather than generating it, requires little electricity to do it. A system needed for both heating and cooling would be mounted near the ceiling, but when it’s only needed for heat, installing it at floor level is a good option to take advantage of the fact hot air rises.
On cheap electric fan heaters: “You may as well heat your home with a hairdryer.”
Merrily Hunter, Energy Efficiency Council
Energy Efficiency Council president Merrily Hunter said the upfront cost was high, but residents of Victoria, NSW, the ACT and South Australia could access state-based energy-efficiency schemes entitling them to hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars off retrofitting or replacing appliances with smart environmentally friendly models. This might require shopping around because not every tradesperson is registered for the scheme.
Hunter said hot water and heating/cooling were 70 per cent of household energy consumption, so these upgrades were the best way “to make a significant and lasting dent in your energy consumption and stay warm this winter”.
“Those $20 fan heaters at Bunnings consume four times the energy of an efficient split system,” Hunter said. “You may as well heat your home with a hairdryer.”
The federal government also had a low-interest loan scheme for household electrification, which Hunter said would cover the gap after any state subsidy.
Other electric heating options
Choice product category manager (household) Chris Barnes said installing a split-system air-conditioner required a hole in the wall, so it was not always an option for renters or in homes without outside wall access, such as semi-detached or terrace houses.
A portable electric heater was cheaper to buy, but it was not as efficient or safe to run in the long run, he said.
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“But if you’re only using them here and there for a few hours occasionally throughout winter, they can still work out reasonably economical,” Barnes said. “A heated throw or an electric blanket can be pretty economical to run, so that can be a good option, as long as you’re prepared to go with that idea that you’re just going to heat yourself and let the rest of the room get cold.”
Barnes said that for houses with ceiling fans, it was worth checking if there was a reverse mode that would push warm air downwards.
The costs – both financial and environmental – are significantly lower if the household owns solar panels and a battery to store electricity and use it at night.
What about gas?
Until 2015, Australia enjoyed the cheapest gas in the world, but that changed when export markets opened up. Energy market observers say very cheap gas is never coming back.
Household gas appliances also need to be checked by a qualified technician every two years to ensure safety, which is an additional expense. Peer-reviewed research has found that cooking on gas increases the burden of asthma by 12 per cent.
On the environmental front, household gas is mostly methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and it is often mined in damaging ways.
Why you are more likely to get sick in winter
Dr Rebekah Hoffman, the NSW and ACT chair of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, said airborne viruses that cause colds, influenza, and COVID have a seasonal peak in winter because they are more easily transmitted when people are socialising indoors.
Hoffman said it was a myth that getting cold made you more likely to catch a cold, but there was good evidence keeping warm helped you recover sooner.
“If you did catch something and then you were unable to get warm, then you would get a more severe illness,” she said.
Insulation and the wrapping hack
Home owners can consider insulation in the walls, floors, and ceilings, and upgrading to double- or triple-glazed windows. But insulation also means sealing off any drafts and investing in quality window coverings.
In his book, energy-efficiency expert Tim Forcey writes that the best-performing window covering to keep houses warm in winter and cool in summer is a set of thermally lined heavy curtains or drapes with pelmets (a horizontal piece of fabric at the top of a curtain). Next are honeycomb blinds (also called cellular or pleated blinds) followed by roman blinds, plantation shutters, roller blinds and venetian blinds.
Forcey also offers a budget hack: “Sticking Bubble Wrap to your window glass is another way to prevent heat from going out through a window.”
Just cut the bubble wrapping to match the size of the glass, lightly spray the window with water, and it “should stick, simple as that”.
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