It took a heavy police presence, mass arrests and stiff prison sentences, along with public condemnation, to put an end to the violence.

British prosecutors have charged more than 600 people with violent disruption and attacking police and property with bricks and petrol bombs. Prosecutors have also pursued cases against what one judge called “keyboard warriors” alleged to have stirred up rage with social media posts, many of them false.

One British woman, 53, was sentenced to 15 months for a Facebook post calling for a mosque to be blown up “with the adults inside”. An English man, 45, was sentenced to 20 months for telling his followers to set fire to a hotel that housed refugees.

Starmer has vowed that those instigating violence cannot hide behind social media anonymity. Some critics are worried that such arrests could undermine free speech.

On Tuesday, Starmer said the riots had exposed “a deeply unhealthy society” that had been “weakened by a decade of division and decline” and “infected by a spiral of populism”. The effort to respond to the riots also highlighted the failures of previous governments, he said.

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He recounted that his team had to “check the precise number of prison places we had and where those places were, to make sure we could arrest, charge and prosecute people quickly”.

“Not having enough prison places is about as fundamental a failure as you can get,” said Starmer, a former top prosecutor.

He went further, saying that the rioters had been “gaming” the system.

“They didn’t just know the system was broken. They were betting on it,” he said. “They thought, ‘Oh, they’ll never arrest me. And if they do, I won’t be prosecuted. And if I am, I won’t get much of a sentence.’ They saw the cracks in our society after 14 years of failure – and they exploited it.”

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Starmer invited 50 citizens to the speech: firefighters, nurses, teachers, police officers. Even as he delivered his glum news, he said his government was devoted to them.

He also pointedly chose to deliver his remarks in the 10 Downing Street rose garden, where during the pandemic, staffers for then-prime minister Boris Johnson held one of their gatherings that flew in the face of lockdown rules.

“Remember the pictures, just over there, of the wine and the food?” Starmer said. “Well, this garden, and this building, are now back in your service.”

He blamed the current state of “rubble and ruin” on 14 years of Conservative Party rule, saying that the previous government had racked up £22 billion ($39 billion) in debt, and had hidden it from the Office for Budget Responsibility, an independent and authoritative overseer of public finances, funded by the Treasury.

Starmer offered some hope for a brighter future, but warned that tough times were ahead.

“There’s a budget coming in October, and it’s going to be painful,” he said.

Britain’s Labour Party is closely allied with Britain’s labour unions. But after Starmer’s speech, Sharon Graham, general secretary of the Unite union, said that “a bleak vision of Britain is not what we need now”.

The Green Party issued a statement saying that “more economic pain and hardship isn’t what people voted for”.

Starmer’s predecessor, Rishi Sunak, posting on X, said Tuesday’s speech revealed a hidden agenda, “what Labour has been planning to do all along – raise your taxes”.

The Washington Post