Chinese state-backed enterprises are alleged to have stolen American intellectual property; its government is accused of violating environmental and international trade laws; China has flooded domestic markets with cheap products; it has also sought to outpace the US in the development of cutting-edge technologies and the exploitation of critical minerals.

Loading

The attacks are also sometimes conspiratorial in nature, evoking Cold War-era fears of deep cover spies.

Republicans are levelling unfounded attacks that Tim Walz, Kamala Harris’ running mate, may have been “groomed” by China. He travelled to China dozens of times over the past few decades, first as a young English teacher there and later as a member of Congress, where he served on a commission that focused on the country’s human rights issues.

Representative James Comer, chair of the House Oversight Committee, and vice presidential candidate J.D. Vance have insinuated without basis Walz is a Chinese plant.

“Now I know, and we all know, that Kamala Harris wanted to outsource our factories and jobs to China, but I didn’t expect her to outsource the selection of her running mate to China too,” Vance said at an August rally in North Carolina.

Comer said in a Fox News interview, without evidence, that it’s “possible” China would be “grooming an up-and-coming rising star in the political process to try to have a foothold in our government”. Comer wrote a letter to the FBI seeking information about Walz’s connections to Chinese officials, citing the years when Walz organised annual student trips to the nation.

Walz’s team pushed back on the allegations, and pointed out he has been critical of Chinese human rights abuses during his time in Congress and beyond.

“Throughout his career, Governor Walz has stood up to the [Chinese Communist Party], fought for human rights and democracy, and always put American jobs and manufacturing first,” Walz spokesman Teddy Tschann said in a statement. “Republicans are twisting basic facts and desperately lying to distract from the Trump-Vance agenda: praising dictators and sending American jobs to China.”

Harris has not laid out her views in detail on the US-China relationship, but briefly mentioned in her speech to the Democratic National Convention that she wants to ensure “America – not China – wins the competition for the 21st century”.

Loading

The negative ads and attacks on China pervading the campaign trail raise the possibility that future Congresses will take an even more oppositional posture to the nation, in part to cater to voters’ increasing scepticism.

China’s unpopularity with Americans began growing around 2017 and only worsened after the COVID pandemic, which originated in Wuhan. About 80 per cent of Americans said they had an unfavourable view of the nation in a Gallup poll taken earlier this year. Republicans are more hostile toward China than Democrats are, with almost 60 per cent of them describing China as an “enemy” of the United States, compared to 30 per cent of Democrats, according to a Pew poll.

Since 2019, Congress has taken a more sharply negative tone toward the rising superpower, and introduced six times as many bills on the subject in 2021 compared to 2013, according to an analysis published by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. In recent years, Congress has set aside billions of dollars more in spending to defeat China’s military, curtailed China’s access to semiconductors and bolstered efforts to create an anti-China global coalition. Countering China is one of the few remaining bipartisan areas of agreement on Capitol Hill.

“The American people have started to kind of wake up to the reality that China is not just a benign trading partner or a large market for our exports, but the Chinese Communist Party actually represents a national security threat,” said Representative Andy Barr, a member of a special House committee created last year to focus on the threats posed by China.

Loading

But some worry about the slippery slope between targeting nefarious practises through policy and rhetoric, and casting broader blame upon Chinese people, including Chinese immigrants. The FBI reported a spike in hate crimes targeting Asian Americans after the pandemic.

“I think that that is something that we have to be very careful about,” said Representative Norma J. Torres, who sits on the House subcommittee that appropriates US foreign policy spending. “For some of my colleagues, it all starts and ends with China. And this is the dangerous part … It creates a lot of potential for violence in our communities again.”

The China-related battles are especially heated in the Midwestern Senate races where vulnerable Democratic incumbents are fighting to retain their seats – and the party’s slim majority in the chamber. Blasting their Republican opponents on China is a way to try to disqualify them in the minds of Republican-leaning voters, who polls show are especially sceptical of the nation.

In Pennsylvania, senator Bob Casey (a Democrat) has been running a battery of TV ads bashing his opponent, Dave McCormick, for his investments in China while he was CEO of the hedge fund Bridgewater, tying the company to the state’s deadly opioid epidemic. In one Casey ad, Trump is heard criticising McCormick for working “with a company that managed money for communist China”, an attack Trump made when McCormick was running against Trump’s preferred candidate in the 2022 Senate race primary. The ad also accuses McCormick of investing in “China’s biggest maker of fentanyl”.

Loading

In another, a narrator describes the staggering death rate from fentanyl, which US officials say is primarily made from chemical precursors that originate in China. “While law enforcement and grieving families see a killer, Dave McCormick saw a way to get even richer,” says the ad, which accused McCormick of “profiting off people’s pain”.

McCormick released his own ad saying his company never invested in producers of illegal fentanyl in China. The company invested in a Chinese pharmaceutical company that makes legal fentanyl, called Humanwell, for legitimate medical purposes.

Washington Post