Support for nuclear force dovetails with support for the Kremlin, Volkov said. But for many opposition-minded Russians, the use of a nuclear-capable missile still came as a shock.

“Sometimes it feels like I no longer care. You get so apathetic, but the ongoing background noise is one thing and using an ICBM for the first time is something else,” said Olga, 50, a university professor from Moscow, referring to early reports that misidentified the missile as intercontinental.

Olga, who asked that her surname be withheld for fear of repercussions, is strongly anti-war. She said she felt “a little anxious”, though she believes Putin is bluffing when he threatens to strike targets in the West.

Putin’s address did not trigger any visible displays of public anxiety in Russia, but the ruble, already battered by a new package of US sanctions on Thursday, dropped further on Friday. On Friday afternoon, the Russian currency was trading at its lowest point against the dollar since March 2022.

The threat of expanding the conflict beyond Russia and Ukraine and possibly using nuclear weapons seemed to fall on fertile ground: the apathy and helplessness that have gripped many Russians since the invasion began.

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Ksenia Sobchak, a prominent media personality whose father was Putin’s boss in the 1990s, summed up the sentiment on Telegram with gallows humour: “He didn’t say if they will use nukes or not. But do they have to do it right now? Can they at least wait until after the holidays?”

A flagship news show on a state-owned TV channel, Rossiya-1, on Friday morning covered Putin’s big reveal with gusto, demonstrating the Oreshnik missile’s abilities in a set of sleek graphics. In one, a missile launcher placed on a map of Europe sent projectiles from western Russia to Western Europe, reaching “all European capitals”. The host, Olga Skabeyeva, boasted, “Even London!”

Skabeyeva sought to portray Putin as magnanimous when she noted that Russia was under no obligation to notify the United States before Thursday’s launch but did so anyway: “We sent a notice to the Americans so that we avoid a third world war.”

Russian state media, which has always been sensitive about Western press coverage of Russia, also portrayed Putin’s remarks as a public relations victory. On Friday, a lot of programming was devoted to a detailed press digest, citing news reports from the United States to Saudi Arabia and boasting that the president won front pages around the world.

Rossiya-1 on Friday broadcast a report on social media metrics, bragging that “Oreshnik” trended globally. The state-owned RIA Novosti news agency even published an article based on social media replies to a post by Dmitry Medvedev, a former Russian president who gloated over the missile strike. The report suggested that “residents of the West were rushing to offer their apologies” to the Kremlin for Ukrainian strikes on Russian territory.

While Russian media insisted that Putin was merely responding to Western aggression, some Kremlin-linked figures made it clear that his speech intended to scare the West into withdrawing support from Ukraine.

“Let them tremble in fear,” Andrei Kartapolov, who heads the defence committee in the State Duma, the lower parliamentary house, told the Russian news agency Tass on Friday. “We’re fighting for the right cause.”

In popular social media groups typically focused on local news, Russians weighed in on Putin’s speech, with some condemning his apparent appetite for escalation and others cheering on Russia’s army.

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In the southern city of Rostov-on-Don, one resident on a popular Telegram group said Russia “has been set 25 years back in its development – what for?”

In Kursk, which became a frontline city this summer after the Ukrainian army seized swaths of Russian land near the border, some Russians on a popular group on VKontakte, a social network, celebrated the missile attack against Ukraine. Others wondered sarcastically if Putin would call an evacuation were he to strike nearby — many locals have criticised the government for not evacuating parts of the region as evidence mounted that a Ukrainian attack was imminent.

Meanwhile, Russian supporters of the war rushed to praise the president for upping the stakes in the confrontation with the West. Pro-Kremlin bloggers have been sharing memes showing Putin as an action hero in a movie poster, alluding to wordplay between “Oreshnik,” the name of the Russian missile, and the word “oreshek,” meaning “nut,” which is used in the Russian title of the American blockbuster Die Hard.

“Oreshnik. Premiere in Dnipro, November 21, 2024,” said a mock movie poster shared on a popular pro-war Telegram channel.

Voenkor Kotenok, a popular blogger, praised the attack on Dnipro as “a kind of rain of fire from the sky that was like a movie for the Ukrainians”. But like some other pro-war commenters, he lamented that the Kremlin had notified the United States shortly before the missile launch.

Russia is “too humane and merciful”, he said. “An enemy is to be killed, not warned.”

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.

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