Zelensky called again for faster military aid from the United States and other partners. Weapons and ammunition from a recently passed US package are now arriving in Ukraine, but the package was delayed for months by internal political wrangling.

“Every decision to which we, then later everyone together, comes to is late by around one year,” Zelensky said.

“But it is what it is: one big step forward, but before that two steps back. So we need to change the paradigm a little bit.”

Risk of escalation?

Zelensky said he wanted his partners to be more directly involved in the war but understood they were wary of antagonising Russia.

“It’s a question of will,” he said. “But everyone says a word that sounds the same in every language: everyone is scared of escalation. Everyone has gotten used to the fact that Ukrainians are dying – that’s not escalation for people.”

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He proposed that the armed forces of neighbouring NATO countries could intercept incoming Russian missiles over Ukrainian territory to help Kyiv protect itself.

Russia has fired thousands of missiles and drones at Ukraine since the start of the wider conflict, and air defences are a priority for Kyiv.

“Russians are using 300 planes on the territory of Ukraine. We need at least 120, 130 planes to resist in the sky,” he said. Ukraine is waiting for the delivery of US-designed F-16s which have yet to be used in anger.

He said that if countries could not supply the planes straight away, they could still fly them from neighbouring NATO states and shoot down Russian missiles. The Ukrainian leader also said Kyiv was negotiating with international partners to use their weapons to strike Russian military hardware at the border and further inside Russian territory.

“So far, there is nothing positive,” he said.

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Russian President Vladimir Putin would likely view such developments as escalatory. He casts the war as part of an existential battle with a declining and decadent West which he says humiliated Russia after the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 by encroaching on what he considers Moscow’s sphere of influence, including Ukraine.

Ukraine and the West reject such an interpretation, calling the invasion an unprovoked land grab.

Zelensky reiterated that he had not broken agreements with allies not to use their weapons inside Russia.

“We can’t put the whole volume of weapons at risk.”

International stage

Ukraine is gearing up for international talks in Switzerland next month that will exclude Russia and are aimed at trying to unify and harden opinion against Moscow.

Putin has said he believes the talks may convert Ukrainian demands for a Russian withdrawal into an ultimatum for Russia, a strategy he said would fail.

Zelensky said it was crucial to get as many countries around the table as possible.

“And then Russia will have to answer to the majority of the world, not Ukraine ... no one says that tomorrow Russia will agree, but it is important that we have the initiative.”

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Beijing has yet to say whether it will participate, although Chinese President Xi Jinping and Putin met last week in China and pledged a “new era” of partnership between the two most powerful rivals of the United States.

“It is very important that they [China] are there,” said Zelensky. “Because in principle, after this summit, it becomes clear who wants to end the war, and who wants to remain in strong relations with the Russian Federation.”

On US politics, he sought to dampen concerns that any win for Republican candidate Donald Trump in November elections could spell trouble for Ukraine. Trump is a Ukraine aid sceptic who has stressed “America First” policies.

“I don’t believe that Republicans are against support for Ukraine, but some messages that are coming from their side raise concerns.”

Zelensky, a former comedian, said he would let others judge his performance as leader of a country at war, but he expressed his gratitude to the Ukrainian people for their stoicism in the face of adversity.

He also insisted that Ukraine could still win the war, despite the setbacks.

“I think we need to walk this path to the end, preferably a victorious one,” he said. “Even though today people look somewhat sceptically at the word ‘victory’ – I understand it is difficult because it is long.”

On the battlefield, Ukrainian forces shot down 28 out of 29 drones used by Russian forces in an early Tuesday attack on seven regions, Ukraine’s air force said.

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The drone attack damaged four homes, 25 trucks and buses in Kharkiv, injuring five people, according to the region’s governor, Oleh Syniehubov, and Ukrainian Internal Affairs Ministry’s statements on the Telegram messaging app.

A missile attack later in the morning targeted transport infrastructure and injured two more people in the city, the governor added.

Two drones shot down in Dnipropetrovsk region damaged outbuildings, with no casualties reported by the region’s governor.

Three Shahed-type drones were shot down over the Kherson region, with 14 more shot down over the Odesa region, according to the Ukrainian military.

The rest of the drones targeted the Mykolaiv, Cherkasy and Kirovohrad regions.

Reuters could not independently verify the information on damage.

Russia has stepped up drone and missile attacks around Ukraine this northern spring, dealing significant damage to its energy infrastructure.