One such video circulated late last month, showing the death of Yemen Akoda, 38, who was allegedly fatally shot by her estranged husband outside her home in Turkey’s central Aksaray province, according to Turkey’s IHA news agency. Akoda had obtained a restraining order against the husband, Esraf Akoda, but it had expired, according to the news agency. In the video, the woman’s daughter is seen standing next to her mother’s body, screaming: “Is my mother alive? Please let my mother be alive!”

“We complained 50 times, 50 times. Goddamn you all,” she said.

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Although the convention had not succeeded in stemming violence, Turkey’s stated commitment to the European treaty had provided a measure of “psychological support” to women, said Gonul Ugurel, 30, who stood on the edge of the protest as demonstrators began to move up Istiklal.

Bermal Sogut, 29, agreed, saying that the treaty had been a “tool” women could use as they appealed to courts for protection. “We have nothing in our hands anymore,” she said.