Our governments spend 97 per cent of such disaster money on recovery and only 3 per cent on preparation and mitigation. This balance needs to change, and we can no longer look to the past alone to predict the future.

We know mitigation measures can reduce insurance premiums. When a levee was built in Roma in Queensland following the 2011 floods, insurance premiums dropped by about half.

More can be done. A recent study of Lismore’s flood problem suggests raising levees to double the extent of protection currently afforded to the CBD would save hundreds of millions of dollars in smaller floods. It is not feasible, however, to build levees that protect communities from the largest of floods, like this one.

Opportunities will arise to use flood-resistant building products when replacing damaged flooring and cabinetry to improve the resilience of homes and businesses. We need to build back better, and the same is true for damaged infrastructure such as roads and bridges.

Warning systems save lives and reduce damage. Risk Frontiers research shows that businesses could save up to 80 per cent of losses with early warning. Community engagement is also important to ensure people know their risks and what to do when they receive a flood warning. A single national app for emergency warnings would be a great advantage.

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Eliminating flood risk is only possible by removing homes and businesses from floodplains. In the United States, large-scale schemes are routine, allowing homeowners to sell their properties to the government so the area can be returned to open floodplains. But property is generally much more expensive in Australia. The purchase of flood-prone properties in Lismore alone would likely cost more than $1 billion.

A voluntary scheme has been running since 1984 in Sydney’s Liverpool to purchase 175 flood-prone properties. Over the past 38 years, only 70 per cent of these have been bought and returned to open floodplains. Given the great expense, voluntary purchase is typically used for only the highest-risk homes. However, as risks increase because of climate change, it may become more of a necessity.

For the risks that cannot be eliminated, our emergency services must be prepared and supported to respond with updated plans. As usual, our communities have stepped up, led by amazing community-based organisations. It’s not too late to take action. Everyone has a role to play.

Andrew Gissing is a general manager at Risk Frontiers and is a former deputy chief officer of Victoria’s State Emergency Service, where he responded to serious flooding in Victoria, NSW and Queensland.